• fn:base-uri()
• fn:base-uri(node)

• fn:error()
• fn:error(error)
• fn:error(error,description)
• fn:error(error,description,error-object)

Example: error(fn:QName('http://example.com/test', 'err:toohigh'), 'Error: Price is too high')

Result: Returns http://example.com/test#toohigh and the string "Error: Price is too high" to the external processing environment.

Returns the numeric value of the argument. The argument can be a Boolean value, a string, or a node set.

Example: number('100')

Result: 100

Returns the absolute value of the argument.

Example: abs(3.14)

Result: 3.14

Example: abs(-3.14)

Result: 3.14

Returns the smallest integer greater than the num argument.

Example: ceiling(3.14)

Result: 4

Returns the largest integer not greater than the num argument.

Example: floor(3.14)

Result: 3

Rounds the num argument to the nearest integer.

Example: round(3.14)

Result: 3

Example: round-half-to-even(0.5)

Result: 0

Example: round-half-to-even(1.5)

Result: 2

Example: round-half-to-even(2.5)

Result: 2

Returns the string value of the argument. The argument can be a number, a logical value, or a node set.

Example: string(314)

Result: "314"

Returns a string based on a sequence of code points.

Example: codepoints-to-string(84, 104, 233, 114, 232, 115, 101)

Result: 'Thérèse'

Returns a sequence of code points based on a string.

Example: string-to-codepoints("Thérèse")

Result: 84, 104, 233, 114, 232, 115, 101

• fn:compare(comp1,comp2)
• fn:compare(comp1,comp2,collation)

Returns -1 if comp1 is less than comp2. Returns 0 if comp1 equals comp2. Returns 1 if comp1 is greater than comp2. (According to the collation rules used.)

Example: compare('ghi', 'ghi')

Result: 0

Returns the concatenation of strings.

Example: concat('XPath ','is ','FUN!')

Result: 'XPath is FUN!'

Returns the concatenated string of the string arguments, using the sep argument as the separator.

Example: string-join(('We', 'are', 'having', 'fun!'), ' ')

Result: ' We are having fun! '

Example: string-join(('We', 'are', 'having', 'fun!'))

Result: 'Wearehavingfun!'

Example: string-join((), 'sep')

Result: ''

• fn:substring(string,start,len)
• fn:substring(string,start)

Returns the substring of the specified length starting from the start position. The subscript of the first character is 1. If the len argument is omitted, returns the substring from position start to the end of the string.

Example: substring('Beatles',1,4)

Result: 'Beat'

Example: substring('Beatles',2)

Result: 'eatles'

• fn:string-length(string)
• fn:string-length()

Returns the length of the specified string. If there is no string argument, returns the length of the string value of the current node.

Example: string-length('Beatles')

Result: 7

• fn:normalize-space(string)
• fn:normalize-space()

Removes whitespace from the beginning and end of the specified string, replaces all internal whitespace sequences with a single one, and returns the result. If there is no string argument, the current node is processed.

Example: normalize-space(' The XML ')

Result: 'The XML'

Converts the string argument to uppercase.

Example: upper-case('The XML')

Result: 'THE XML'

Converts the string argument to lowercase.

Example: lower-case('The XML')

Result: 'the xml'

Replaces string2 in string1 with string3.

Example: translate('12:30','30','45')

Result: '12:45'

Example: translate('12:30','03','54')

Result: '12:45'

Example: translate('12:30','0123','abcd')

Result: 'bc:da'

Example: escape-uri("http://example.com/test#car", true())

Result: "http%3A%2F%2Fexample.com%2Ftest#car"

Example: escape-uri("http://example.com/test#car", false())

Result: "http://example.com/test#car"

Example: escape-uri ("http://example.com/~bébé", false())

Result: "http://example.com/~b%C3%A9b%C3%A9"

Returns true if string1 contains string2, otherwise returns false.

Example: contains('XML','XM')

Result: true

Returns true if string1 starts with string2, otherwise returns false.

Example: starts-with('XML','X')

Result: true

Returns true if string1 ends with string2, otherwise returns false.

Example: ends-with('XML','X')

Result: false

Returns the substring before string2 appears in string1.

Example: substring-before('12/10','/')

Result: '12'

Returns the substring after string2 appears in string1.

Example: substring-after('12/10','/')

Result: '10'

Returns true if the string argument matches the specified pattern, otherwise returns false.

Example: matches("Merano", "ran")

Result: true

Replaces the specified pattern with the replace parameter and returns the result.

Example: replace("Bella Italia", "l", "*")

Result: 'Be**a Ita*ia'

Example: replace("Bella Italia", "l", "")

Result: 'Bea Itaia'

Example: tokenize("XPath is fun", "\s+")

Result: ("XPath", "is", "fun")

First uses the boolean() function to reduce the argument to a boolean value. If that boolean value is false, returns true; if that boolean value is true, returns false.

Example: not(true())

Result: false

Returns boolean true.

Example: true()

Result: true

Returns boolean false.

Example: false()

Result: false

Returns the integer of the year part of the local value of the argument.

Example: year-from-dateTime(xs:dateTime("2005-01-10T12:30-04:10"))

Result: 2005

Returns the integer of the month part of the local value of the argument.

Example: month-from-dateTime(xs:dateTime("2005-01-10T12:30-04:10"))

Result: 01

Returns the integer of the day part of the local value of the argument.

Example: day-from-dateTime(xs:dateTime("2005-01-10T12:30-04:10"))

Result: 10

Returns the integer of the hours part of the local value of the argument.

Example: hours-from-dateTime(xs:dateTime("2005-01-10T12:30-04:10"))

Result: 12

Returns the integer of the minutes part of the local value of the argument.

Example: minutes-from-dateTime(xs:dateTime("2005-01-10T12:30-04:10"))

Result: 30

Returns the decimal number of the seconds part of the local value of the argument.

Example: seconds-from-dateTime(xs:dateTime("2005-01-10T12:30:00-04:10"))

Result: 0

Returns the integer representing the year in the local value of the argument.

Example: year-from-date(xs:date("2005-04-23"))

Result: 2005

Returns the integer representing the month in the local value of the argument.

Example: month-from-date(xs:date("2005-04-23"))

Result: 4

Returns the integer representing the day in the local value of the argument.

Example: day-from-date(xs:date("2005-04-23"))

Result: 23

Returns the integer representing the hours part in the local value of the argument.

Example: hours-from-time(xs:time("10:22:00"))

Result: 10

Returns the integer representing the minutes part in the local value of the argument.

Example: minutes-from-time(xs:time("10:22:00"))

Result: 22

Returns the integer representing the seconds part in the local value of the argument.

Example: seconds-from-time(xs:time("10:22:00"))

Result: 0

• fn:name()
• fn:name(nodeset)

• fn:local-name()
• fn:local-name(nodeset)

• fn:namespace-uri()
• fn:namespace-uri(nodeset)

Returns true if the language of the current node matches the specified language.

Example: Lang("en") is true for <p xml:lang="en">...</p>

Example: Lang("de") is false for <p xml:lang="en">...</p>

• fn:root()
• fn:root(node)

Returns the position in the sequence of items equal to the searchitem parameter.

Example: index-of ((15, 40, 25, 40, 10), 40)

Result: (2, 4)

Example: index-of (("a", "dog", "and", "a", "duck"), "a")

Result (1, 4)

Example: index-of ((15, 40, 25, 40, 10), 18)

Result: ()

Returns a new sequence constructed from the item parameter - removing the item specified by the position parameter.

Example: remove(("ab", "cd", "ef"), 0)

Result: ("ab", "cd", "ef")

Example: remove(("ab", "cd", "ef"), 1)

Result: ("cd", "ef")

Example: remove(("ab", "cd", "ef"), 4)

Result: ("ab", "cd", "ef")

Returns true if the argument value is an empty sequence, otherwise returns false.

Example: empty(remove(("ab", "cd"), 1))

Result: false

Returns true if the argument value is not an empty sequence, otherwise returns false.

Example: exists(remove(("ab"), 1))

Result: false

Returns the unique distinct values.

Example: distinct-values((1, 2, 3, 1, 2))

Result: (1, 2, 3)

Returns a new sequence constructed from the item parameter - also inserts the value of the inserts parameter at the position specified by the pos parameter.

Example: insert-before(("ab", "cd"), 0, "gh")

Result: ("gh", "ab", "cd")

Example: insert-before(("ab", "cd"), 1, "gh")

Result: ("gh", "ab", "cd")

Example: insert-before(("ab", "cd"), 2, "gh")

Result: ("ab", "gh", "cd")

Example: insert-before(("ab", "cd"), 5, "gh")

Result: ("ab", "cd", "gh")

Returns the items in reverse order.

Example: reverse(("ab", "cd", "ef"))

Result: ("ef", "cd", "ab")

Example: reverse(("ab"))

Result: ("ab")

Returns the sequence of items starting at the position specified by the start parameter, with the length specified by the len parameter. The first item has position 1.

Example: subsequence(($item1, $item2, $item3,...), 3)

Result: ($item3, ...)

Example: subsequence(($item1, $item2, $item3, ...), 2, 2)

Result: ($item2, $item3)

• fn:collection()
• fn:collection(string)

Returns the index position of the node currently being processed.

Example: //book[position()<=3]

Result: selects the first three book elements

Returns the number of items in the list of nodes being processed.

Example: //book[last()]

Result: selects the last book element