Git remote repository (GitHub)
Git does not have a central server like SVN.
The Git commands we use so far are all executed locally. If you want to share your code through Git or collaborate with other developers, you need to put the data on a server that other developers can connect to.
This example uses GitHub as the remote repository. You can first read ourGitHub Concise Tutorial.
Add remote repository
To add a new remote repository, you can specify a simple name for future reference. The command format is as follows:
git remote add [shortname] [url]
This example uses GitHub as the remote repository. If you don't have GitHub, you can [visit] the official websitehttps://github.com/Register.
Since the transfer between your local Git repository and the GitHub repository is encrypted via SSH, we need to configure authentication information:
Use the following command to generate an SSH key:
$ ssh-keygen -t rsa -C "[email protected]"
the following[email protected]Change it to the email you registered on GitHub. After that, it will ask you to confirm the path and enter a password. Here we just use the defaults and press Enter all the way.
If successful, it will be at~/generated under.sshFolder, go in, open.id_rsa.pub, copy the contents insidekey。
$ ssh-keygen -t rsa -C "[email protected]" Generating public/private rsa key pair. Enter file in which to save the key (/Users/tianqixin/.ssh/id_rsa): Enter passphrase (empty for no passphrase): # 直接回车 Enter same passphrase again: # 直接回车 Your identification has been saved in /Users/tianqixin/.ssh/id_rsa. Your public key has been saved in /Users/tianqixin/.ssh/id_rsa.pub. The key fingerprint is: SHA256:MDKVidPTDXIQoJwoqUmI4LBAsg5XByBlrOEzkxrwARI [email protected] The key's randomart image is: +---[RSA 3072]----+ |E*+.+=**oo | |%Oo+oo=o. . | |%**.o.o. | |OO. o o | |+o+ S | |. | | | | | | | +----[SHA256]-----+
Go back to GitHub, enter Account => Settings (account configuration).
LeftEdgeSelectSSH and GPG keys, then clickNew SSH keyClick the button, set the title in the Title field — you can fill in anything — and paste the key generated on your computer.
After successful addition, the interface is as shown below.
To verify whether it is successful, enter the following command:
$ ssh -T [email protected] The authenticity of host 'github.com (52.74.223.119)' can't be established. RSA key fingerprint is SHA256:nThbg6kXUpJWGl7E1IGOCspRomTxdCARLviKw6E5SY8. Are you sure you want to continue connecting (yes/no/[fingerprint])? yes # 输入 yes Warning: Permanently added 'github.com,52.74.223.119' (RSA) to the list of known hosts. Hi tianqixin! You've successfully authenticated, but GitHub does not provide shell access. # 成功信息
The following command indicates that we have successfully connected to GitHub.
After logging in, click "New repository" as shown below:
After that, fill in "example-git-test" (remote repository name) in the Repository name field, keep the other default settings, and click the "Create repository" button. This successfully creates a new Git repository:
After successful creation, the following information is displayed:
The above information tells us that we can clone a new repository from this repository, and we can also push the contents of the local repository to the GitHub repository.
Now, according to GitHub's prompts, run the commands in the local repository:
$ mkdir example-git-test # 创建测试目录 $ cd example-git-test/ # 进入测试目录 $ echo "# Example Git 测试" >> README.md # 创建 README.md 文件并写入内容 $ ls # 查看目录下的文件 README $ git init # 初始化 $ git add README.md # 添加文件 $ git commit -m "添加 README.md 文件" # 提交并备注信息 [master (root-commit) 0205aab] 添加 README.md 文件 1 file changed, 1 insertion(+) create mode 100644 README.md # 提交到 Github $ git remote add origin [email protected]:tianqixin/example-git-test.git $ git push -u origin master
Please copy the following commands from where you successfully created the new repository on GitHub, rather than using the commands I provided, because our GitHub usernames are different and the repository names are also different.
Next, we return to the repository created on GitHub, and we can see that the files have been uploaded to GitHub:
View the current remote repository.
To see which remote repositories are currently configured, you can use the command:
git remote
Example
$ git remote origin $ git remote -v origin [email protected]:tianqixin/example-git-test.git (fetch) origin [email protected]:tianqixin/example-git-test.git (push)
When running it with the -v parameter, you can also see the actual link address of each alias.
Fetch the remote repository
Git has two commands used to fetch updates from a remote repository.
1. Download new branches and data from the remote repository:
git fetch
After this command is executed, you need to run git merge to merge the remote branch into your current branch.
2. Fetch data from the remote repository and try to merge it into the current branch:
git merge
This command is executinggit fetchThen immediately executegit mergethe remote branch to any branch you are on.
Suppose you have configured a remote repository and you want to fetch updated data. You can first executegit fetch [alias]Tell Git to fetch data that it has but you don't have yet, and then you can executegit merge [alias]/[branch]to merge any updates on the server (assuming someone pushed to the server at this time) into your current branch.
Next, on GitHub, we click on "README.md" and edit it online:
Then we update and modify locally.
$ git fetch origin remote: Counting objects: 3, done. remote: Compressing objects: 100% (2/2), done. remote: Total 3 (delta 0), reused 0 (delta 0), pack-reused 0 Unpacking objects: 100% (3/3), done. From github.com:tianqixin/example-git-test 0205aab..febd8ed master -> origin/master
The above information "0205aab..febd8ed master -> origin/master" indicates that the master branch has been updated. We can use the following command to synchronize the updates to the local repository:
$ git merge origin/master Updating 0205aab..febd8ed Fast-forward README.md | 1 + 1 file changed, 1 insertion(+)
View the README.md file content:
$ cat README.md # Example Git 测试 ## 第一次修改内容
Push to the remote repository
Command for pushing your new branch and data to a remote repository:
git push [alias] [branch]
The above command pushes your [branch] branch to become the [branch] branch on the [alias] remote repository. An example is as follows.
$ touch example-test.txt # 添加文件 $ git add example-test.txt $ git commit -m "添加到远程" master 69e702d] 添加到远程 1 file changed, 0 insertions(+), 0 deletions(-) create mode 100644 example-test.txt $ git push origin master # 推送到 Github
Return to our GitHub repository, and you can see that the file has been committed:
Delete the remote repository
To delete a remote repository, you can use the command:
git remote rm [别名]
Example
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